Source register

The basis for the technical content.

References used in the technical content. Documentation supports a feature or distinction; it does not validate an examination route for D3.

1. Microsoft: Recoverable Items folder in Exchange Online

Supports: Deletion-state distinctions and configuration-dependent retained material.

Limitations: Does not establish this tenant's settings, surviving content or D3 capability.

2. Microsoft: eDiscovery features and components

Supports: Search, export and preservation are separate configured functions.

Limitations: Entitlement, permissions and specific collection completeness require separate verification.

3. Microsoft: eDiscovery search permissions filtering

Supports: Permissions can restrict searchable mailbox populations and content.

Limitations: No tenant-specific access or D3 validation is established.

4. Microsoft: PST export

Supports: Version-dependent export routes, cache scope and excluded account settings.

Limitations: Current documentation does not establish historical-client behaviour. Do not follow routine cleanup recommendations on evidence.

5. Microsoft: Outlook data file types

Supports: PST and OST roles in applicable Outlook account configurations.

Limitations: Not a universal statement about all Outlook clients or forensic recoverability.

6. Microsoft: open and close PST files

Supports: PST handling has client and architecture prerequisites.

Limitations: Installed build and version must be checked; routine opening is not prescribed for original evidence.

7. Google: how Vault retention works

Supports: Retention rules and holds affect what remains and what is purged.

Limitations: No claim that Vault is universal backup or that a later hold recreates purged data.

8. Google: manage Vault exports

Supports: Exports are query-based collections with defined scope.

Limitations: Does not establish an account's entitlement, actual coverage or historical completeness.

9. Google: export Gmail data

Supports: Exportable message content, headers, attachments and labels, subject to available data.

Limitations: No complete-history or deleted-data recovery claim; encrypted messages can remain encrypted.

10. Google: download your Google data

Supports: Authorised account-export process and Gmail label representation.

Limitations: Account access, selected products and export state still require recording.

11. Dovecot 2.4.3: mail location

Supports: Configurable mailbox formats, paths and separate index locations.

Limitations: Documentation is for a named version; no assumption about an examined server's configuration.

12. Postfix: architecture overview

Supports: Transport, queue and delivery components are distinct from mailbox storage.

Limitations: Does not establish message retention or a complete journal.

13. Postfix: logging context

Supports: Transport logging and configurable log locations.

Limitations: Actual logging level, rotation and surviving historical logs require examination.

14. Roundcube: about the webmail project

Supports: Webmail role with separate IMAP and SMTP services.

Limitations: A webmail installation is not evidence of a complete local mailbox.

15. Apple: import or export mailboxes in Mail on Mac

Supports: Apple Mail supports mailbox export in mbox format.

Limitations: Official search excerpt checked; direct fetch rate-limited. Full workflow and tested version require release verification.

16. Apple: archive or copy iCloud information

Supports: Provider information and local copies should be considered separately.

Limitations: Routine user backup guidance does not establish forensic completeness or recoverability.

17. Proton: import and export emails

Supports: Documented authorised export routes exist.

Limitations: Does not establish deletion recovery, encryption bypass or D3 validation.

18. RFC 5322: Internet Message Format

Supports: Message structure, date and identifier field semantics.

Limitations: Documentation is not D3 validation or a guarantee that a particular account contains accessible evidence. Recheck applicable version, configuration, authority and acquisition method.

19. RFC 5321: SMTP

Supports: SMTP routing and trace context.

Limitations: Documentation is not D3 validation or a guarantee that a particular account contains accessible evidence. Recheck applicable version, configuration, authority and acquisition method.

20. RFC 2045: MIME message bodies

Supports: MIME body and attachment representation.

Limitations: Documentation is not D3 validation or a guarantee that a particular account contains accessible evidence. Recheck applicable version, configuration, authority and acquisition method.

21. RFC 6376: DKIM

Supports: Domain signing and signed-element boundaries.

Limitations: Documentation is not D3 validation or a guarantee that a particular account contains accessible evidence. Recheck applicable version, configuration, authority and acquisition method.

22. RFC 7208: SPF

Supports: Domain authorisation scope.

Limitations: Documentation is not D3 validation or a guarantee that a particular account contains accessible evidence. Recheck applicable version, configuration, authority and acquisition method.

23. RFC 9989: DMARC

Supports: Current DMARC domain alignment and attribution boundaries.

Limitations: Documentation is not D3 validation or a guarantee that a particular account contains accessible evidence. Recheck applicable version, configuration, authority and acquisition method.

24. Microsoft: Outlook PST files and client differences

Supports: Client-dependent PST support.

Limitations: Documentation is not D3 validation or a guarantee that a particular account contains accessible evidence. Recheck applicable version, configuration, authority and acquisition method.

25. Microsoft: offline Outlook data files

Supports: Offline data-file context.

Limitations: Documentation is not D3 validation or a guarantee that a particular account contains accessible evidence. Recheck applicable version, configuration, authority and acquisition method.

26. Microsoft: only a subset of mailbox items synchronised

Supports: Synchronisation scope can limit local content.

Limitations: Documentation is not D3 validation or a guarantee that a particular account contains accessible evidence. Recheck applicable version, configuration, authority and acquisition method.

27. Microsoft: Outlook Item MSG file format

Supports: MSG represents structured Outlook items.

Limitations: Documentation is not D3 validation or a guarantee that a particular account contains accessible evidence. Recheck applicable version, configuration, authority and acquisition method.

28. Dovecot: mbox

Supports: mbox storage and implementation context.

Limitations: Documentation is not D3 validation or a guarantee that a particular account contains accessible evidence. Recheck applicable version, configuration, authority and acquisition method.

29. Dovecot: Maildir

Supports: Maildir structure and metadata differences.

Limitations: Documentation is not D3 validation or a guarantee that a particular account contains accessible evidence. Recheck applicable version, configuration, authority and acquisition method.

30. Microsoft: Recoverable Items in Exchange Online

Supports: Exchange Online deletion and preservation dependencies.

Limitations: Documentation is not D3 validation or a guarantee that a particular account contains accessible evidence. Recheck applicable version, configuration, authority and acquisition method.

31. Google Vault: how retention works

Supports: Workspace retention and hold dependencies.

Limitations: Documentation is not D3 validation or a guarantee that a particular account contains accessible evidence. Recheck applicable version, configuration, authority and acquisition method.

32. Google Vault API overview

Supports: Vault supported functions and permissions context.

Limitations: Documentation is not D3 validation or a guarantee that a particular account contains accessible evidence. Recheck applicable version, configuration, authority and acquisition method.

33. Google: export Gmail data

Supports: Authorised Gmail export availability.

Limitations: Documentation is not D3 validation or a guarantee that a particular account contains accessible evidence. Recheck applicable version, configuration, authority and acquisition method.

34. Google: download account data

Supports: Account export and representation context.

Limitations: Documentation is not D3 validation or a guarantee that a particular account contains accessible evidence. Recheck applicable version, configuration, authority and acquisition method.

35. Microsoft Graph: eDiscovery search export operation

Supports: Collection scope, options and partial completion status.

Limitations: Documentation is not D3 validation or a guarantee that a particular account contains accessible evidence. Recheck applicable version, configuration, authority and acquisition method.

36. Microsoft: partially indexed items

Supports: Indexing limitations and separate export decisions.

Limitations: Documentation is not D3 validation or a guarantee that a particular account contains accessible evidence. Recheck applicable version, configuration, authority and acquisition method.

37. Microsoft: cloud attachments in eDiscovery

Supports: Cloud link collection and version considerations.

Limitations: Documentation is not D3 validation or a guarantee that a particular account contains accessible evidence. Recheck applicable version, configuration, authority and acquisition method.

38. Microsoft: recipient permissions in Exchange Online

Supports: Distinct access and sending permissions.

Limitations: Documentation is not D3 validation or a guarantee that a particular account contains accessible evidence. Recheck applicable version, configuration, authority and acquisition method.

39. Microsoft: investigating shared mailbox activity

Supports: Source for investigating shared-mailbox activities.

Limitations: Documentation is not D3 validation or a guarantee that a particular account contains accessible evidence. Recheck applicable version, configuration, authority and acquisition method.

40. Proton: importing and exporting email

Supports: Authorised export routes, not encryption defeat.

Limitations: Documentation is not D3 validation or a guarantee that a particular account contains accessible evidence. Recheck applicable version, configuration, authority and acquisition method.

41. NIST SP 800-86: forensic techniques and incident response

Supports: General forensic process context, not an email-specific capability standard.

Limitations: Documentation is not D3 validation or a guarantee that a particular account contains accessible evidence. Recheck applicable version, configuration, authority and acquisition method.

42. RFC 8601: Authentication-Results and trust boundaries

Supports: FAQ: Can I rely on an Authentication-Results header saying dkim=pass?

Limitations: Primary guidance supports the stated technical distinction. It does not establish D3 validation of a particular method.

43. RFC 3464: Delivery status notifications

Supports: FAQ: Can you prove that an email was delivered or read?

Limitations: Primary guidance supports the stated technical distinction. It does not establish D3 validation of a particular method.

44. RFC 8098: Message disposition notifications

Supports: FAQ: Can you prove that an email was delivered or read?

Limitations: Primary guidance supports the stated technical distinction. It does not establish D3 validation of a particular method.

45. Microsoft: Exchange retention

Supports: Evidence matrix: Mailbox export. Messages and selected metadata within the account, folders, query and format actually collected.

Limitations: An export is not automatically a full forensic image or a complete account history. Attachments that are links may require separate collection. Provider documentation does not confirm D3 capability.

46. NIST: digital evidence preservation

Supports: Evidence matrix: Local mail store. Locally held email and client artefacts, potentially including PST, OST, mbox or Maildir data.

Limitations: A cache can contain only part of a mailbox. Its absence does not establish absence from the service or another device. Provider documentation does not confirm D3 capability.

47. Microsoft: audit investigations

Supports: Evidence matrix: Authorised tenant audit data. Recorded account or mailbox operations, identities and times within the available audit scope.

Limitations: A recorded account operation does not alone identify the human actor. Not every event records message content. Provider documentation does not confirm D3 capability.

48. Microsoft: message trace FAQ

Supports: Evidence matrix: Transport and gateway logs. Recorded acceptance, routing, rejection or delivery events, addresses and identifiers where logged.

Limitations: A delivery event is not proof that a named person read the message. Logs may not retain the body or attachments. Provider documentation does not confirm D3 capability.

49. NIST: forensic techniques

Supports: Evidence matrix: Backup. Historical mailbox, server or endpoint data within the actual backup scope and successful restore point.

Limitations: A backup is a snapshot or series of copies, not an assured record of every intermediate message. Restore to a separate working environment. Provider documentation does not confirm D3 capability.

Start with the question

Tell us what needs to be established.

A brief account of the issue, the available sources and the relevant dates is enough to begin.

Discuss your matter